According to Vroom's expectancy model, what influences employee motivation?

Vroom's expectancy model posits that employee motivation is significantly influenced by their expectations about the outcomes of their efforts. This theory is built on the premise that individuals will be motivated to perform at a certain level if they believe their efforts will lead to a desired outcome, which in turn will yield a reward that is personally valuable to them.

In this model, there are three key components: expectancy (the belief that effort leads to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance leads to a particular outcome), and valence (the value the individual places on that outcome). Therefore, when employees have positive expectations regarding the correlation between their effort, performance, and the resulting rewards, their motivation to engage in productive behaviors increases.

The other options fail to encapsulate the comprehensive nature of motivation as defined by the expectancy model. Job satisfaction alone does not account for the cognitive process regarding expected outcomes. The manager's feedback style is important, but it primarily affects the context in which expectations are formed, rather than being a direct motivator in itself. Similarly, team dynamics can impact motivation, but they do so through their influence on individual expectations rather than being a primary driver of motivation. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the crucial role of employees' expectations about outcomes in